вторник, 30 января 2018 г.

The Future Continuous Tense



The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense denotes a future action.
You will write these exercises tomorrow.
I am tired. I shall (will) go andhave a nap before dinner.


The future Continuous Tense is used  with the fallowing adverbials of time: at five (o'clock), tomorrow, from five to/till six tomorrow, for three days next week. 
f.e. They will be writting a test from 10 till 11 tomorrow.
He will be writting at 5 o'clock tomorrow 
He will be writting a latter to his friend from 5 to 6 on Sunday.



понедельник, 29 января 2018 г.

The Future Simple Tense

will + Infinitive 

The Future Simple Tense denotes a future action :
  1. You will write this exercises tomorrow.
  2. I am tired. I will go and have a nap before dinner.
The Future Simple is used with the following adverbias of time: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/month/year/Monday, soon, in three days/ a week, in 2050. These adverbials go at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.



 Кроме этого, will и shall используют и  в других случаях:

Shall in offers:
Shall I get your coat for you?
Shall in suggestion :
Shall we ho to movies?
Shall in threats :
Just wait ! you'll regret this
Will in requests/invitations:
Will you open the window, please ?

The Future Simple Tense is not used after the conjunctions:
When, till, until, before, after, as soon as, as long as, if , unless, on condition that , provided , in case.



Used to/ be used to/ get used to

Used to / be used to / get used to

В английском языке, особенно в разговорной речи, часто используется оборот used to. Вы можете услышать его в беседе, в фильме, по радио, встретить в газете или художественном произведении. На самом деле это три похожих, но имеющих разное значение оборота: used to, be used to, get used to. И ни один из этих вариантов не имеет значения «использовать что-то», как глагол to use. Разберем эти обороты подробнее.

Действие происходило какое-то время в прошлом, но сейчас уже не происходит
Обратите внимание, период времени при этом очерчен неточно (earlier, when I was young, years ago и т. д.)



Примеры:
used to smoke a lot but now I don’t. — Я много курил, но теперь не курю.
Martin used to gamble when he was younger. — Мартин играл в азартные игры, когда был моложе. 

 Be used to  

Be used to + Noun/Gerund

Предложения с этим оборотом строятся по схемам: I am used to doing something или I am used to something.
Вместо I может использоваться любое другое подлежащее. Вместо doing — глагол с окончанием -ing. В качестве дополнения может выступать не только глагол, но и существительное или местоимение.
Оборот be used to значит иметь привычку к чему-то. В отличие от used to do something, этот оборот может употребляться в прошедшем и настоящем времени.
Примеры с дополнением-существительным и местоимением:
That job is ok for me, I‘m used to hard work. — Эта работа мне подойдет, я привык к тяжелой работе.
I dont’ want to move, I‘m used to my apartament. — Я не хочу переезжать, я привык к своей квартире.


Оборот get used to — привыкать к чему-то

Предложения с оборотом get used to строятся с глаголом, существительным или местоимением в качестве дополнения в основном в прошедшем и будущем временах. Имеет значение: приобретать привычку. Не иметь привычку, как be used to, а именно приобретать.
That’s what we eat for dinner. Get used to it. — Вот, что мы едим на обед. Привыкай.
got used to living in Canada in spite of the cold weather. — Я привык жить в Канаде, несмотря на холодную погоду.
He doesn’t like his new job but he will get used to it. — Ему не нравится его новая работа, но он к ней привыкнет.


Вопросительная и отрицательная формы

Вопросительные и отрицательные формы предложений с used to, be used to, get used to строятся по схемам:
Used toBe used toGet used to
УтверждениеI used to sleep a lotI’m used to working hardI got used to my new job
Отрицание
I didn’t use to sleep a lot

I’m not used to working hardI didn’t get used to my new job
ВопросDid I use to sleep a lot?Am I used to working hard?Did I get used to my new job?
Замечу также, что вопросы с used to задаются редко. Как правило, вопрос может строиться, например, в Past Simple или Present Simple, а ответ звучит уже с used to.
Представим ситуацию. Джон и Марк заговорили о теннисе. Тут выяснилось, что Марк хорошо разбирается в теме. Естественно, Джон предположил, что Марк увлекается теннисом.
John: Do you play tennis? — Ты играешь в теннис?
Mark: I used to. But then I had an injury. — Играл (раньше). Но потом получил травму.

воскресенье, 28 января 2018 г.

Past Simple Verb To be


EXERCISES ON PAST SIMPLE
Ex. 1. (A) Read a sentence about the present and then write a sentence about the past.
Example: Granny usually gets up at 6.30. Yesterdayshe got up at 6.30.
1.Granny usually wakes up early. Yesterday morning________________________
2.Granny usuallywalks in the garden. Yesterday____________________________
3.Granny usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday_______________________
4.Granny usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday evening _________________
5.Granny usually sleeps very well. Yesterday______________________________



  • Ex. 2. (A) Put one of these verbs in each sentence:
hurt, teach, spend, sell, throw, fall, catch, buy, cost.
Example: I was thirsty, so Ibought apple juice in the shop.
1.My father___________ me how to drive when I was 17.
2.James___________ down the stairs and___________ his leg.
3.We needed some money so we____________ our summer house.
4.They________a lot of moneyyesterday. They________ a dishwasher which______
10000 roubles.
5.The boy________________ the ball to the dog and the dog_______________ it.


Ex. 3. (В) Translate into English using used to andwould + Infinitive.
1. Теперь она избегает ходить туда так часто, как раньше. 2. Он, бывало, внезапно появлялся в доме своей матери и так же внезапно исчезал. 3. Она, бывало, часами сидела у открытого окна, глядя на лес за холмом. 4. Иногда она жаловалась на свою трудную жизнь, и ей становилось легче. 5. Я лично думаю, что теперь вы говорите по английски лучше, чем раньше. 6. Теперь он совсем не курит, так как у него плохое здоровье, а ведь раньше он курил сигарету за сигаретой. 7. Он начал изучать французский, а в детстве он занимался английским с частным преподавателем. 8. Когда-то он был весьма состоятельным человеком.
Ex. 4. (С) Translate into English using the Past Indefinite Tense.
1. Мы начали этот опыт на прошлой неделе. 2. Они вернулись дбмой в 7 часов вечера. 3. Мы решили послать это письмо вчера. 4. Кому вы отдали эти журналы? 5. Вчера я встретил Стива в библиотеке. 6. Когда вы его видели в последний раз?
В прошлый вторник. 

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.

1. Alice (to have) a sister.
2. Her sister’s name (to be) Ann.
3. Ann (to be) a student.
4. She (to get) up at seven o'clock. 
5. She (to go) to the institute in the morning. 
6. Jane (to be) fond of sports. 
7. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 
8. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 
9. After breakfast she (to go) to the institute. 
10. Sometimes she (to take) a bus.
11. It (to take) her an hour and a half to do her homework. 
12. She (to speak) English well.
13. Her friends usually (to call) her at about 8 o’clock.
14. Ann (to take) a shower before going to bed.
15. She (to go) to bed at 11 p. m.

6. Преобразуйте предложения в вопросительные и отрицательные.

1. Did the children listen … ? The children did not (=didn’t) listen …
2. Did Peter go home … ? Peter did not go home …
3. Did she do her homework … ? She did not (=didn’t) do her homework …
4. Did the children run … ? The children did not (=didn’t) run …
5. Did the postman knock … ? The postman did not (=didn’t) knock …
6. Did the look at me angrily? They did not (=didn’t) look at me angrily.
7. Did we leave the house … ? We did not (=didn’t) leave the house …
8. Did she tell him … ? She did not (=didn’t) tell him …
9. Did the lesson begin … ? The lesson did not (=didn’t) begin …
10. Did they know anything about me? They did not (=didn’t) know anything about me.

Exercise 7. Вставьте was, were, did.
1. When________ Mother's Day last year?
— It _______ in April.
2. What ____ you do?
— We made a cake and cards for Mum.
3. ________ Mum happy?
— Yes, she _________.
4. Who _______ you invite?
— Our grandparents.
 5. What _______ you give to your granny?
 - Flowers.
6. ________ you tired?
— No, we weren't.
Exercise 8. Представьте себе, что в воскресенье вы ходили в гости к другу. Что вы там делали? Дайте краткие ответы.
  1. Did you knock at his door?
  2. Did you stay in the house?
  3. Did you talk about your holiday?
  4. Did he tell you any jokes?
  5. Did you have dinner with him?
  6. Did you watch TV?
  7. Did he show you his things?
  8. Did you play any games?
  9. Did you go to the yard?
  10. Did you walk in the streets?

суббота, 27 января 2018 г.

Время Past Simple используется для обозначения действия, которое произошло в определенное время в прошлом и время совершения которого уже истекло. Для уточнения момента совершения действия в прошлом при использовании времени Past Simple обычно используются такие слова, как five days ago (пять дней назад)last year (в прошлом году)yesterday (вчера)in 1980 (в 1980 году) и т.п.




AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE
I worked/wrote
I did not work/write

Did I work/write?

I didn’t work/write

В разговорной речи did и not объединяются, образуя сокращенную форму didn’t:
  • He didn’t tell.
  • We didn’t discuss.
Утвердительные предложения:
I playedWe played
You playedYou played
He / she / it playedThey played
Вопросительные предложения:
Did I play?Did we play?
Did you play?Did you play?
Did he / she / it play?Did they play?
Отрицательные предложения:
I did not playWe did not play
You did not playYou did not play
He / she / it did not playThey did not play

Случаи употребления Past Simple:

  • Указание на простое действие в прошлом:
saw Jeremy in the bank.
Я видел Джереми в банке.
  • Регулярные, повторяющиеся действия в прошлом:
The old man often visited me.
Старик часто меня навещал.

noticed this charming shop girl each time I went to buy something.
Я замечал эту очаровательную продавщицу каждый раз, когда шел за покупками.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8PjLmZWIIY

Exercises

Exercises on Present Simple


Ex. 1. (A)Answer the following questions according to the model:
Model: What does a driver do? -He drives. What do drivers do? -They drive.
 1. What does a runner do? 2. What do students do? 3. What does a dancer do? 4. What do cooks do? 5. What do dancers do? 6. What does a painter do? 7. What do teachers do? 8. What does a typist do? 9. What do painters do? 10. What do writers do?

Ex. 2. (A)Write the following sentences in the 3rd person singular.
1.1think I am ill. 2. They often visit their granny. 3. We live in Leeds. 4. You usually speak too quickly. 5. Do you like boiled potatoes? 6. Good animals always obey their masters. 7. The boys box in the gymnasium on Fridays. 8. His dogs always attack the neighbours. 9. Heavy trucks make a lot of noise.

Ex. 3. (A)Write the following sentences a) in the negative,b)in the interrogative.
1.She understands the rule. 2. He usually has breakfast at 8 o’clock. 3. The lecture starts at
10.15.4.The flowers look fresh. 5. She usuallywalks in the morning. 6. He has coffee inthe
evening. 7. She remembers them well. 8. He plays chess very well. 9. She leaves home at 10 o’clock every day. 10. Ann misses you badly. 11. They feel very cold. 12. Tom looks sick. 13. They harvest grapes in March. 14. The last boat sails at 10 p.m. 15. That train goes very fast.
Ex. 5. (A, B) Answer the questions using the Present Indefinite.
1. What time do you go to the Institute? (generally, usually) 2. What do you do on Sunday mornings? (often) 3. How do you spend your leisure time? (usually, occasionally) 4. What sort of radio programmes do you listen to? (usually, often, always) 5. How do you help your parents? (always, sometimes, usually) 6. What sort of films do you enjoy? (nearly always) 7. Where do you read for your examinations? (normally, sometimes) 8. Where do you have your meals? (usually, sometimes) 9. What do you take if you have a head­ ache? (generally, usually) 10. How do you celebrate your birthday? (nearly always, occa­ sionally)
Ex. 6. (A, B) Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.
Examples: The lecturebegins at 10 o’clock (begin).
How many languages do vou speak (you/speak)?
1.What time______________________ (the museums/open) in St.-Petersburg?
2.I have a bike but I_____________________ (not/use) it very often.
3.How many cups of te a ____________________(you/drink) a day?
4.“What_______________ (you/do)?” - “I am a chemical engineer."
5.“Where (your father/come) from?” - “He____________(come) from Minsk.”
6.If you need help, why____________________(you/not/ask) for it?
7.I__________ (play) the guitar, but I________________ (not/play) verywell.
8.I don’t understand the word “maintain”. What “maintain”___________ (mean)?

 Вставьте глагол to be в форме Present Simple.
1. She … a student. She … a good student.
2. Where … you from? – I … from Moscow.
3. My mother … not a teacher.
4. … your brother at school? – Yes, he … .
5. My friend … an engineer. He … at work.
6. Nick … not a coolege student. He … a school boy. He … at school now.
7. Helen … a painter. She has some fine pictures. They … on the wall.
8. … this your book? – This book … not mine. My book … in my bag.
9. These … his newspapers.
10. My uncle … an office worker.
11. … your parents at home? – No, they … not.
12. Michael has a brother. His brother … 30. He … a worker. He … at home.


2. Образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную форму предложений.
1. I visit my parents very often.
2. They live in Great Britain.
3. He goes to school by bus.
4. She lives in this house.
5. He wants to be a doctor.
6. They play tennis every Sunday.
7. We work every day.
8. My sister goes to bed at nine.
9. Usually I have dinner very late.
10. My brother watches TV every evening.
11. She likes classical music.
12. We go to the theatre once a month.

3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в форме Present Simple.
1. My working day (to begin) at seven o’clock.
2. I (not to walk) to work every morning.
3. She (to do) her morning exercises every day.
4. He (to speak) German.
5. I (to visit) my friend every week.
6. Her first class (to start) at eight o’clock.
7. Ann (not to read) a lot.
8. He always (to invite) his friends to his birthday party.
9. I (to go) for a walk every day.
10. She (to wash) her car once a week