GERUND

 Герундий это неличная форма английского глагола. In modern English the Gerund is widely used with the infinitive: some verbs are followed by an ing - form, others by a to - infinitive. 

Существуют определенные глаголы после которых используют герундий и глаголы после которых употребляется инфинитив

I. The most common verbs followed by the Gerund 

1 verbs of thinking and saying 

• admit (признавать, допускать )
• anticipate (предвидеть, предвкушать)
• consider (считать), deny, discuss, forgive
• recall (призвать), recollect (припомнить) 
• remember, suggest, understand 

2 verbs of liking and disliking 

 

• like, love, enjoy, fancy (воображать),adore, 
• dislike, resent(возьущаться ризент), 
• detest (питать отвращение), dread (бояться, содрогаться от страха)

3 Other common verbs 

• avoid, excuse, delay (задерживать), 
• include, involve6, keep, miss, postpone, 
• practice, resist (сопративляться), risk

4. verbs denoting the progress of an action (from start to finish)

• begin, start, commence (начинать), continue
• go on, finish, stop

He suggested going to the disco

I don't like writing letter

She stopped crying and looked at me 

The most common verbs followed by the infinitive 

 

1. verb + to - infinitive:

• afford (иметь возможность), attempt(сделать попытку)
• agree, decide, demand, expect, fail, forget, hope
• mean (intend намериваться), manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, 
• promise, refuse, tend (ухаживать), want, wish, hesitate, (колебаться)

She agreed to let us use her flat 

2. verb + object + to - infinitive:

advice, allow, encourage, force (принуждать),

help, invite, order, permit (позволять) persuade(убеждать),

remind, warn (предупреждать)

He invited the friends to come over (присоединяться)

II. На русский язык герундий может передаваться при помощи 

инфинитива: 

Перед тем как уйти, она выпила чаю с Чиприано - She had tea with Cipriano before leaving 

Существительного: 

Танцы еще не начались - Dancing had not begun yet.

 деепричастием:

и, не дожидаясь ее ответа, он повернулся и вышел  - And without waiting for her answer he turned and left us. 

by a subordinate clause (придаточным предложением) 

Теперь он сожалел, что пришел - He regretted now having come 

III. Gerund has tense distinctions 

(....)

IV. 

1. We use the gerund after prepositions and phrasal verbs

1. We use the infinitive to: after objectives

2. To express a reason or purpose 

Present Continuous Passive

 1. Translate the sentences into English: 

• Статью вчера переводили с 4 до 5 вечера.
• Завтрак готовили в 7 часов утра.
• Тест писали в течение двух часов вчера.
• Машину вчера вела твоя сестра?
• Ребята играли в футбол весь день вчера.

2. Choose the correct form of the verb: 

• She (was being listened/was listening) to attentively by everyone.
• When I came home, Jim (was being cleaned/was cleaning) his room.
• The professor (wasn't reading/wasn’t being read) his lecture for three hours.
• Special preparations (were making/were being made) for the last game. 
• A very important meeting (was holding/was being held) with the representatives of this firm yesterday in the evening.
3. Rewrite each sentence using a passive verb: 
• The pupils were writing a control paper at the lesson.
• They were discussing an important question at four yesterday.
• Ann was feeding her pet at 6 o’clock yesterday.
• They were publishing the newspaper at that moment.
• My father was repairing the motorcycle at 8 o'clock.
4. Translate the sentences with a passive verb into Russian: 
• A new house was being built when I came to Minsk.
• This article was being typed all day long.
• The cake was being cooked when the guests came.
• The flowers were being watered at 8 o’clock in the morning.
• The car was being driven from 3 to 5 o’clock
5. 
   

ПРОСТЫЕ ВРЕМЕНА В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1.I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock every day. I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock yesterday. I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock tomorrow.

2. I (not to go) to school every day. I (not to go) to school yes­terday. I (not to go) to school tomorrow.

3. You (to watch) TV every day? You (to watch) TV yesterday? You (to watch) TV tomorrow?

4. When you (to leave) home for work every day? When you (to leave) home for work yesterday? When you (to leave) home for work tomorrow?

5. My brother (to go) to work every day. He (to leave) home at eight o’clock. His office (to be) near our house and he (to walk) there. He (not to take) a bus. Yesterday he (not to go) to work. Yesterday he (to get) up at nine o’clock.

6. .. you (to have) time yesterday? — No, I … .

7. What you (to buy) at the shop yester­day? — I (to buy) a book.

8. Yesterday my father (not to read) newspapers because he (to be) very busy. He (to read) newspapers tomorrow.

Упражнение 2.  Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в нужном времени.

1. She (not/teach) at this school. 2. I (not/know) his family. 3. You often (see) them? 4. He (have) a shower every morning? 5. The writer (write) over 75 stories. 6. She (start) school last year. 7. She (not/go) to school yesterday. 8. There (be) an interesting film on TV two days ago. 9. Where you (go) for your holidays two| years ago? 10. Last week we (be) at the library.

Упражнение 3. Закончите предложения. Используйте Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple. 

1. It …………………… (happen) two years ago.
2. I think it ……………………….. (happen) soon.
   
3. He ……………………. (be) born on the 2nd of January.
4. When I …………….. (be) a baby I …………………. (feel) unhappy when Granny ………………….. (leave).
5. ……………………… (cook) dinner every afternoon.
6. Right now Marina is in the kitchen. She……………….. (cook) fish for dinner.
7. I think she…………….. (cook) fish for dinner tomorrow.
8. Look at the girl! Why………. she…………………. (smile) at us?
9. Russian people……………………………….. (celebrate) Christmas on the 7th of January.
10. Yesterday he ……………………………….. (forget) to turn off the computer.

Задание 4. Исправьте ошибки в предложениях.

1. The earth go round the sun.
2. Did you went out last night?
3. I spended too much money last week.
4. Who will calls him?
5. They don't leave until very late last night.

Task 5. Answer the questions:1. Does she speak German? 2. Do my friends go to school? 3. Is he a doctor? 4. Does his sister help him? 5. Are you a pupil? 6. Does he go to the country every month? 7. Is her daughter from Moscow? 8. Do they know my brother? 9. Am I a teacher? 10. Does he answer phone calls?

Task 6. Make the sentences negative:

1. I went to school yesterday. 2. My little brother had a birthday party two days ago. 3. We listened to music last evening. 4. An hour ago Jill answered the phone call. 5. We were in London last summer. 6. She did homework half an hour ago. 7. My parents cleaned the house three days ago.

Task 7 Make these sentences negative:

1. We cooked breakfast yesterday because our mother was ill. 2. Jill will go to the country tomorrow. 3. An hour ago my sister played computer games. 4. She does her homework and then she goes for a walk with her dog. 5. They will live in the city next year. 6. I’m a student and I am at the University now. 7. His aunt speaks English, German and French. 8. Roman knows the story well so he can answer all the questions about it. 9. You translate the dialogue very well. 10. His new clothes were nice and suited him well so he wanted to buy one more T-shirt and a couple of jeans.

Task 8. Make up sentences:

1. lay, every, My, the, day, mother, table. _____________________________________________________________________

2. summer, you, Were, in, last, Moscow? _____________________________________________________________________

3. is, from, He, London. _____________________________________________________________________

4. phone, will, She, tomorrow, answer, calls. _____________________________________________________________________

5. Larry, not, to, grandmother, his, did, yesterday, go. _____________________________________________________________________

6. won’t, the, up, He, tomorrow, do, washing. _____________________________________________________________________

7. speak, Jane, French, does, English, and. _____________________________________________________________________

Не забывайте употреблять настоящее время вместо будущего в придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов  if, when, as soon as, before, after, till (untill).

  

Упражнение 9

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple (Все предложения относятся к будущему времени).

1. If I (to stay) some more days in your town, I (to call) you and we (to have) a good talk. 2. He (to go) to the Public Library very often when he (to be) a student. 3. As soon as I (to return) from school, I (to ring) you up. 4. You (to pass) many towns and villages on your way before you (to arrive) in Moscow. 5. I (to stay) at home till she (to come). Then we (to go) to the theatre if she (to bring) tickets. 6. After I (to finish) school, I (to enter) the University. 7. When he (to return) to St. Petersburg, he (to call) on us. 8. If I (to see) him, I (to tell) him about their letter. 9. We (to gather) at our place when my brother (to come) back from Africa. 10. I (to sing) this song with you if you (to tell) me the words. 11. I hope you (to join) us when we (to gather) in our country house the next time. 12. What you (to do) when you (to come) home? 13. When they (to cross) the road, they (to see) the hotel. 14. Before she (to get) to the theatre, she (to go) past the shopping centre. 15. What we (to do) if it (to rain) tonight? 16. What she (to do) if she (to see) her best friend again? 17. If the bus (to be) very crowded, you (to be) exhausted by the time you (to get) to work. 18. If it (to be) very cold tonight, our car (not to start) in the morning.

Упражнение 10

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple. 

1. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons every morning. 2. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons yesterday morning. 3. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons tomorrow morning. 4. I always (to go) to the Altai Mountains to visit my relatives there. 5. I (to be) very busy last summer and I (not to go) there. 6. I (not to go) there next year because it (to cost) a lot of money and I can’t afford it. 7. They (to enjoy) themselves at the symphony yesterday evening? 8. Who (to take) care of the child in the future? 9. How often you (to go) to the dentist’s? 10. We (not to have) very good weather, but we still (to have) a good time during our short stay in London. 

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1.     Is this your ____ pencil? — No, it isn't my ____ pencil, it is Ray sister's ____ pencil. 2. My sister's ____ husband is ____ doctor. 3. I have no ____ handbag. 4. She has two ____ children. 5. Her children are at ____ school. Is your father at ____ home? — No, he is at ____ work. 6. We have ____ large ____ family. 7. My ____ father is ____ engineer. 8. She is drinking ____ tea and eating ____ jam. ____ jam is sweet. 9. Where is ____ cat? — ____ cat is on ____ sofa. 10. There is ____ little white cloud in ____ sky. 11. There is ____ little brown coffee-table in our ____ room in ____ front of ____ sofa. 12. We have ____ big dog. ____ dog is very clever. 13. Our ____ TV-set is on ____ little ____ table in ____ corner of ____ room. 14. There are ____ books on ____ shelf. 15. There is ____ juice in this ____ cup. 16. That's why he usually goes to ____ bed early in ____ evening. 17.  My ____ friend has to get up early in ____ morning because he goes to ____ school. 18. I slept very well at ____ nigh. 19. When do you leave ____ home for ____ school? — I leave ____ home for ____ school at ____ half past ____ eight. 20. When does your mother leave ____ home for ____ work? — She leaves ____ home for ____ work at ____ quarter past eight.